494. Target Sum

MediumLeetCode

You are given an integer array nums and an integer target.

You want to build an expression out of nums by adding one of the symbols '+' and '-' before each integer in nums and then concatenate all the integers.

For example, if nums = [2, 1], you can add a '+' before 2 and a '-' before 1 and concatenate them to build the expression "+2-1".

Return the number of different expressions that you can build, which evaluates to target.

Example 1

Input: nums = [1,1,1,1,1], target = 3

Output: 5

Explanation: There are 5 ways to assign symbols to make the sum of nums be target 3. -1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 3 +1 - 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 3 +1 + 1 - 1 + 1 + 1 = 3 +1 + 1 + 1 - 1 + 1 = 3 +1 + 1 + 1 + 1 - 1 = 3

Example 2

Input: nums = [1], target = 1

Output: 1

Constraints

• 1 <= nums.length <= 20
• 0 <= nums[i] <= 1000
• 0 <= sum(nums[i]) <= 1000
• -1000 <= target <= 1000

How to solve the problem

• Optimized Dynamic Programming

class Solution:
    def findTargetSumWays(self, nums: List[int], target: int) -> int:
        s = sum(nums) - abs(target)
        if s < 0 or s % 2:
            return 0
        m = s // 2  

        @cache  
        def dfs(i: int, c: int) -> int:
            if i < 0:
                return 1 if c == 0 else 0
            if c < nums[i]:
                return dfs(i - 1, c)  
            return dfs(i - 1, c) + dfs(i - 1, c - nums[i]) 
        return dfs(len(nums) - 1, m)

Complexity

• Approach 1 (Optimized DP): Time complexity: O(n * sum), Space complexity: O(n * sum)